Evaluation of DNA damage in vivo by comet assay and chromosomal aberrations for pyrethroid insecticide and the antimutagenic role of curcumin

Background: Esfenvelerate a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in the home environment and in agriculture because of its high activity against a broad spectrum of insect pests and its low animal toxicity

Objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of esfenvelerate and the possible protective role of curcumin against this genotoxicity

Material and methods: Forty male albino rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 rats each: G1 served as control and G2 served as positive control received [100mg/kg curcumin], G3,G4 and G5 were orally administrated with [1/20 LD50, 1/40 LD50 and 1/60 LD50 of esfenvelerate] respectively and the last three groups[G6,G7and G8] were received the same doses of pesticide plus 100mg /kg curcumin for 28 days daily. Animals were sacrificed and bone marrow samples were collected for chromosomal aberration assay test and liver samples were used for DNA damage detection by comet assay

Results: chromosome aberration assay revealed that all the tested doses induced chromosomal aberrations [CA] such as centromeric gaps, chromatid gaps, chromatid deletion, dicentric chromosome, and ring chromosome. The alkaline comet assay showed significantly increased tail moment, tail length and tailed DNA % in liver cells of animals treated with esfenvelerate alone compared to control group. On the other hand, oral curcumin significantly ameliorated the genotoxicity induced by esfenvelrat. All these results clarified the efficacy of curcumin in amelioration of chromosomal aberrations of structures as well as DNA damage which may result from its antioxidant properties

Protective effects of curcumin for oxidative stress and histological alterations induced by pyrethroid insecticide in Albino rats

Esfenvalerate[esfen] is a type II of synthetic pyrethroid that has replaced other groups of insecticides due to its improved insecticidal potency. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides on liver tissues of rats and the possible role of antioxidant plant [curcumin] as a protective agent against oxidative stress and histological alterations. Forty male albino rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 rats /each: G1: served as control and G2: served as positive control received [100mg/kg curcumin], G3,G4 and G5 had oral administration [1/20 LD50, 1/40 LD50 and 1/60 LD50 of esfenvelerate] respectively and the last three groups[G6,G7and G8] were received the same doses of pesticide plus 100mg /kg curcumin for 28 days daily. Exposure of rats to [esfen] induced significant increase in the levels of MDA and significant decrease in total protein, GSH ,SOD and catalase whilst the insecticides doses plus curcumin showed decrease in MDA for high and medium dose and ameliorated the reduction of total protein concentration in low dose. We showed that curcumin acts as an effective antioxidant for esfen pesticide toxicity by reducing oxidative stress burden and histological damage